Based on its structure, carbohydrates can be classified into four main categories:
Monosaccharides: These are the simplest sugars, consisting of a single sugar unit. Examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose. They serve as the fundamental building blocks for more complex carbohydrates.
Disaccharides: These are formed when two monosaccharides are joined together by a glycosidic bond. Common examples include sucrose (table sugar), lactose (milk sugar), and maltose.
Oligosaccharides: These consist of a small number (typically 3-10) of monosaccharides linked together. They are often found attached to proteins and lipids on cell surfaces, where they play a role in cell recognition and signaling.
Polysaccharides: These are complex carbohydrates made up of many monosaccharides linked together in long chains. They can be either linear or branched. Important polysaccharides include starch (a storage form of glucose in plants), glycogen (a storage form of glucose in animals), and cellulose (a structural component of plant cell walls). Polysaccharides have various functions, including energy storage and structural support.
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